Journal of Agronomy and Field Innovations

Background: Blockchain technology provides several unmatched opportunities for establishing unchangeable, transparent, and decentralized traceability frameworks in the agricultural supply chain. 
Approach: We undertook a complete narrative evaluation involving peer-reviewed literature on distributed ledgers, smart contracts, Internet of Agricultural Things (IoAT), and the application of Blockchain in agriculture. 
Results: The implementation of Blockchain in the systems resulted in a remarkable reduction of the trace-back time (78-94% reduction in time), high level of accuracy (higher than 99%), and sustainability. The price of implementation ranged between €50,000 and €800,000 and ROI was between 2.5 years and 4.5 years. 
Conclusion: Blockchain based traceability systems serve as a breakthrough technology for sustainable agricultural supply chains and bringing more transparency, food safety, and confidence in consumers.